| Blockchain platform | Ethereum · Hyperledger Fabric · Corda | Foundational layer for secure, immutable data management. Choice varies with deployment requirements. |
| Smart contracts | Platform-native | Automate and enforce agreements: consent management, transactions, access control. |
| Decentralised storage | IPFS · Storj | Secure storage of large data volumes with redundancy, integrity and availability, reducing central-server dependency. |
| Ledger interface | Web3.js · Web3.py | Communication with the blockchain network and execution of transactions from JavaScript and Python services. |
| Frontend | React.js · Angular.js | Responsive, interactive interfaces for providers, responders and administrators. |
| Backend | Node.js · Django · Flask | Server-side logic, data management, and interaction with the ledger and external systems. |
| Database | PostgreSQL · MongoDB · CouchDB | Non-ledger data, complex query and analytics. |
| APIs and microservices | REST · FHIR R4 | Integration with EHRs, laboratory information systems and emergency response systems. |
| Cloud infrastructure | AWS · Azure · GCP | Scalable, reliable deployment with residency configured per jurisdiction. |
| Security | Encryption · authentication · access control | Applied at every layer to protect against unauthorised access, breach and cyber threat. |